이는 grammar - ineun grammar

In this lesson, we’re going to learn 은데, 는데, 인데 (Verb-는데, Adjective-은데, Noun-인데’). 는데, 은데, 인데 are Korean connectors or they are connecting endings. 는데, 은데, 인데 attach a verb stem, an adjective stem, and a noun respectively. It is used to explain the background or situation of the following sentence.

You can present the background situation, then you can suggest, order, or request, or you can talk about new facts or detailed situations, or you can talk about your feelings or opinions. And also other things you can talk about. 

‘배고파요. I’m hungry. 점심 먹으러 갈까요?’ Shall we go to lunch?

 배고픈데 점심 먹으러 갈까요? I’m hungry so shall we go to lunch?

‘배고파요. (I’m hungry)’ is talking about the situation and ‘점심 먹으러 갈까요?’ Shall we go to lunch? is talking about the suggestion.

You can connect two sentences using ‘ㄴ데’. Then you can say, ‘배고픈데 점심 먹으러 갈까요?’ (I’m hungry so shall we go to lunch?) Here, ‘배고픈데’ is the combination of the adjective ‘배고프다 (to be hungry) and ‘ㄴ데.’

제가 맛집을 아는데 거기로 가요. I know a famous restaurant, shall we go there.

제가 맛집을 알아요. I know a famous restaurant is talking about the situation or background for the next sentence. 거기로 가요. Let’s go there and talk about suggestions.

You can connect two sentences using ‘는데’. 제가 맛집을 아는데 거기로 가요.” I know a famous restaurant, so let’s go there.

‘아는데’ is a combination of the verb ‘알다 (to know)’ and ‘는데.’

‘오빠는 학생이에요. My older brother is a student. 오빠는 공부를 잘해요.’ My older brother is good at studying.

오빠는 학생이에요 (My older brother is a student) is talking about the situation or background info. for the next sentence. 오빠는 공부를 잘해요. My older brother is good at studying.

You can connect two sentences using ‘인데’. So you can say ‘오빠는 학생인데 공부를 잘해요.’ (My brother is a student and he is good at studying.)

‘학생인데’ is the combination of the noun ‘학생 (student)’ and ‘인데’.

Now we’re going to look at the combination information. First, we’re going to look at the present forms: ‘V-는데, A-은데, N-인데’.

Second, we’re going to look at the past forms ‘A/V-았/었/했는데, N-이었는데’.

Let’s look at the present form. Among them, let’s find out ‘V-는데’ first. When a verb stem has the final consonant, ‘는데’ is used. For example, when you look at the verb 먹다 (to eat/have), remove ‘다’ then, there is the final consonant. So ‘는데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘먹는데’.

When you look at the verb 입다 (to wear), remove ‘다’. Then, there is the final consonant. Then ‘는데’ is used and it becomes ‘입는데’. 

When a verb stem does not have the final consonant, ‘는데’ is used. For example, when you look at the verb 오다 (to come), remove ‘다’. Then there is no final consonant. Then ‘는데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘오는데’.

Let’s look at the verb 사다 (to buy). Remove ‘다’. Then there is no final consonant. So ‘는데’ is used after that. It becomes ‘사는데’.

Now, let’s find out when the verb stem ends with the final consonant ㄹ.

When a verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’ delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는데’. For example, when you look at the verb 만들다 (to make), remove ‘다’ Then, there is the final consonant ‘ㄹ.’ Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘는데’. So it becomes ‘만드는데’.

Let’s look at another verb ‘알다 (to know).’ Remove ‘다’. Then, there is the final consonant ‘ㄹ.’ Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘는데’. So it becomes ‘아는데’.

Lastly, 는데 is used after ‘있다/없다’. ‘있다/없다’ are adjectives. Exceptionally, ‘는데’ is used. So, when you look at the adjective ‘있다,’ remove ‘다’. Then ‘는데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘있는데’. ‘없다’ is the same. Remove ‘다’. Then ‘는데’ is used. So it becomes ‘없는데’.

는데 summary

Let’s summarize the verb conjugation. In the case of a verb and ‘있다/없다’ whether they have the final consonant or not, ‘는데’ is used. So ‘읽다’ becomes ‘읽는데’. ‘자다’ becomes ‘자는데’.

When the verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는데’. So ‘만들다’ becomes ‘만드는데’.

Now let’s look at the adjective conjugation.

When an adjective stem has the final consonant, ‘은데’ is used. For example, when you look at the adjective 높다 (to be high), remove ‘다.’ Then, there is the final consonant. Then ‘은데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘높은데’.

Another example is ‘작다 (to be small)’. Remove ‘다’. Then, there is the final consonant. Then ‘은데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘작은데.’

When an adjective stem does not have the final consonant, ‘ㄴ데’ is used. For example, when you look at the adjective 크다 (to be big), remove ‘다.’ Then there is no final consonant. Then ‘ㄴ데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘큰데’.

Let’s look at the adjective ‘배고프다 (to be hungry)’. Remove ‘다’. Then there is no final consonant. Then ‘ㄴ데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘배고픈데’.

When an adjective stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘ㄴ데’. For example, when you look at the adjective 달다 (to be sweet), remove ‘다.’ Then, there is the final consonant ‘ㄹ.’ Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘ㄴ데.’ So it becomes ‘단데’.

Let’s look at another adjective ‘멀다 (to be far).’ Remove ‘다’. Then, there is the final consonant ‘ㄹ.’ Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘ㄴ데.’ It becomes ‘먼데’.

Let’s summarise the adjective conjugation.

When an adjective stem has the final consonant, ‘은데’ is used. So ‘작다’ becomes ‘작은데’.

When an adjective stem does not the final consonant, ‘ㄴ데’ is used. So ‘크다’ becomes ‘큰데’.

When an adjective stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘ㄴ데.’ So ‘달다’ becomes ‘단데’.

인데 grammar

Now let’s look ‘ Noun-인데’. When the preceding noun has the final consonant, ‘인데’ is used. For example, when you look at ‘학생 (student)’, there is a final consonant. Then ‘인데’ is used after the nouns. So it becomes ‘학생인데’.

When you look at ‘물’, there is the final consonant. Then ‘인데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘물인데’.

Likewise, when the noun does not have the final consonant, ‘인데’ is used. For example, when you look at the noun 의사(doctor), there is no final consonant. Then ‘인데’ is used after the nouns. So it becomes ‘의사인데’.

Let’s look at the noun ‘영화표 (movie ticket)’. When you look at ‘영화표’, there is no final consonant.

Then ‘인데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘영화표인데’.

인데 summary

Let’s summarize the combination information of nouns.

Whether a preceding noun has the final consonant or not, ‘인데’ is used for both of them. So ‘학생’ becomes ‘학생인데’. ‘영화표’ becomes ‘영화표인데’.

Now let’s summarize the present combination information.

In the case of verb

In the case of a verb and ‘있다/없다’, whether they have the final consonant or not, ‘는데’ is used.

When the verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는데’.

In the case of an adjective

When an adjective stem has the final consonant, ‘은데’ is used.

When an adjective stem does not have the final consonant, ‘ㄴ데’ is used.

When an adjective stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘ㄴ데.’

Lastly, ‘는데’ is used after a noun, whether it has the final consonant or not.

았/었/했는데 grammar

Now let’s look at the past combination information. Firstly, let’s look at the past form A/V-았/었/했는데.

When the vowel in a verb/adjective is ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ㅗ’, ‘았는데’ is used. For example, when you look at the verb 가다 (to go), remove ‘다’. The vowel before ‘다’ is ‘ㅏ’. Then ‘았는데’ is used. So it becomes ‘갔는데’.

When you look at the adjective 작다 (to be small), remove ‘다.’ The vowel before ‘다’ is ‘ㅏ’. Then ‘았는데’ is used. So it becomes ‘작았는데’.

On the other hand, when there is vowel other than ‘ㅏ, ㅗ’ in a verb/adjective stem, ‘었는데’ is used. For example, when you look at the verb 만들다 (to make), remove ‘다.’ The vowel before ‘다’ is ‘ㅡ’. Then ‘었는데’ is used. So it becomes ‘만들었는데’. 

Let’s look at the adjective ‘길다 (to be long)’. Remove ‘다’. The vowel before ‘다’ is ‘ㅣ’. Then ‘었는데’ is used. So it becomes ‘길었는데’.

When a verb/adjective ends in ‘하다’, use ‘했는데’. For example, when you look at the verb 공부하다 (to study). Remove ‘하다’ and use ‘했는데’. So it becomes ‘공부했는데’.

Let’s look at the adjective ‘건강하다 (to be healthy)’. Remove ‘하다’. And use ‘했는데’. It becomes ‘건강했는데’.

았/었/했는데 summary

Now let’s summarize the past forms.

When a vowel in a verb/adjective stem is ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ㅗ’, ‘았는데’ is used. So ‘작다’ becomes ‘작았는데’.

When a vowel in a verb/adjective stem is other vowels than ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ㅗ’, ‘었는데’ is used. So ‘만들다’ becomes ‘만들었는데’.

When a verb/adjective ends in ‘하다’. ‘했는데’ is used. So ‘공부하다’ becomes ‘공부했는데’.

 ‘ Noun-이었는데’. After a noun, regardless of the type of vowel, ‘이었는데’ is used. For example, when you look at ‘과자(snack)’ ‘이었는데’ is used after that. So it becomes ‘과자이었는데’.

‘선물(gift)’ +’이었는데’= 선물이었는데.

은데, 는데, 인데 Practice

한국어를 잘 못 하는데 천천히 얘기해 주세요. I’m not good at speaking Korean, so please speak slowly. 

못하다 is a verb.’못하는데’ is the combination of the verb ‘못하다’ and ‘는데’.

죄송한데 길 좀 물어볼게요.’ I’m sorry but let me ask you for directions. ‘죄송하다 (to be sorry)’ is an adjective. ‘죄송한데’ is the combination of the adjective ‘죄송하다’ and ‘ㄴ데’.

‘주말인데 영화 보러 갈까요? ‘ It’s weekend, shall we go to see a movie? 주말 (weekend) is a noun. ‘주말인데’ is the combination of the noun ‘주말’ and ‘인데’.

‘그 영화 재미없는데 다른 거 봐요.’ That movie is not interested, lets see another one. ‘재미없다’ is an adjective that ends with ‘있다/없다’. ‘재미없는데’ is the combination of an adjective ‘재미없다 (to be boring)’ and ‘는데’.

In the case of a verb and ‘있다/없다’,  ‘는데’ is used. 

‘았/었/했는데, 이었는데’ practice

‘저는 한국에서 왔는데 잘 부탁드립니다’ I came from Korea and I’m pleased to be here (lit. take good care of me.) ‘오다 (to come)’ is a verb. And it’s talking about the past(왔다). ‘왔는데’ is the combination of the verb ‘오다’ and ‘았는데’.

‘늦었는데 지하철을 타세요.’ You were late, so please take a subway.’ ‘늦었는데’ is the combination of the adjective ‘늦다’ and ‘었는데’. ‘늦다 (to be late)’ is an adjective. And it’s talking about the past.

‘어제 생일이었는데 뭐 했어요? Yesterday was your birthday, what did you do?’ ‘생일’ is a noun. And it’s talking about the past. ‘생일이었는데’ is the combination of the noun ‘생일’ and ‘이었는데’.

‘어제 생일 파티를 했는데 너무 재미있었어요.’ I had a birthday party yesterday, it was so fun. ‘하다’ is a verb. And it’s talking about the past. ‘했는데’ is used instead of ‘하다’. 했는데 is the combination of ‘했 (the past tense of ‘하다) and ‘는데’.

은데, 는데, 인데 Examples

구두를 사려고 하는데 추천 좀 해주세요.” I’d like to buy shoes, so please recommend some.

이 신발 새로나온 상품인데 한번 신어 보세요.” This shoes are the new product and please try them on.

신발이 좀 작은데 더 큰 사이즈 있어요?” These shoes are a bit small for me, do you have a larger size?

‘하는데‘ is the combination of the verb ‘하다’ and ‘는데’.

‘상품인데‘ is the combination of the noun ‘상품 (product)’ and ‘인데’.

‘작은데‘ is the combination of the adjective ‘작다’ and ‘은데’.

‘V-는데, A-은데, N-인데‘ explains the background or situation before talking about the following sentence.